American Journal of Pedagogical and Educational Research
American Journal of Pedagogical and Educational Research is an peer reviewed International, open access journal. This journal publishes the articles in the field of formal, Non formal education, Physical Education and Sports Science. Authors can submit original research for the double blind peer reviewed journal. ISSN (E): 2832-9791 JIF : 9.335
METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR TEACHING ENGLISH SPORTS TERMINOLOGY TO STUDENTS OF SPORTS EDUCATION
The purpose of this paper is to examine the methodological foundations of teaching English sports terminology to students who are majoring in sports. In this article, the theoretical and methodological foundations of the 3D language methodology (Discover–Develop–Demonstrate) in the teaching of sports terminology are highlighted. Additionally, a system of exercises that is based on the integration of Discovery Learning, constructivist, and competency-based approaches, as well as the principles of Performance-Based Assessment and Project Presentation, has been developed. The technique that has been developed is designed to facilitate the gradual mastering of terminological units, the active use of these units in professional communication, and the development of students' terminological and communicative competence among students. It is possible to use the findings of the study as a scientific and methodological foundation for enhancing the methodology of teaching English to students who are professionally orientated in the field of sports and for raising the efficiency of teaching sports terminology.
ESP, CLIL, sports education, professional communicative competence, and exercise system are some of the keywords that are associated with the following: 3D language methodology, sports terminology, English language, professional terminological competence, Discovery Learning, constructivist approach, competency-based approach, Performance-Based Assessment, Project Presentation, and three-dimensional language methodology.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
DEVELOPING ACADEMIC WRITING SKILLS IN GERMAN AMONG ENGINEERING STUDENTS
In the context of the internationalization of higher education and increasing academic mobility, academic writing in a foreign language has become an essential component of professional training for future engineers. Particular attention should be paid to developing academic writing skills in German, as Germany remains one of the leading centers of scientific and technological innovation in Europe. The purpose of this study is to identify effective methodological approaches to developing academic writing skills in German among engineering students. The research employed pedagogical observation, analysis of students’ written assignments, questionnaires, and comparative analysis of learning outcomes. The findings demonstrate that stage-based instruction, a genre-oriented approach, and the integration of digital educational tools positively influence students’ academic writing performance.
Academic writing, German language, engineering education, professional communication, language competence, technical university, teaching methodology.
THE PLACE OF ANCIENT TURKIC STONE STATUES IN THE SYSTEM OF SYMBOLS OF UZBEK STATEHOOD
This article examines the place of ancient Turkic stone statues within the system of symbols of Uzbek statehood, based on a comprehensive historical-semiotic analysis. The study analyzes the political-ideological, religious-ritual, and legal-territorial significance of the stone statues, substantiating that they are not merely memorial monuments, but material expressions of the ideology of the Turkic Khaganate. It demonstrates the iconographic and ideological interconnections among stone statues, coins, and tamgas, which constituted the components of the symbolic system existing in the territory of Uzbekistan during the 6th–8th centuries AD.
Ancient Turkic stone statues, balbal, Uzbek statehood, political-ideological symbols, Turkic Khaganate, semantics, attributes of statehood, tamga, semiotics.
IMPACT OF HARMFUL AND HAZARDOUS OCCUPATIONAL FACTORS ON THE HUMAN ORGANISM IN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
The rapid development of modern industry and production processes has led to the widespread use of various technologies, equipment, and chemical substances in enterprises, which poses significant risks to workers’ health and safety. This article analyses the classification, characteristics, and physiological effects of harmful and hazardous occupational factors on the human organism. The study covers physical factors (noise, vibration, radiation, temperature), chemical factors (toxic substances, acids, alkalis), biological factors (microorganisms, bacteria, viruses), and psychophysiological factors (physical overload, nervous tension, monotony). Special attention is given to the phenomena of cumulation, synergism, and combined effects of multiple factors. Modern monitoring technologies, including IoT-based smart safety systems, are examined. The article substantiates that timely identification and assessment of harmful factors, combined with the application of modern protective measures, is the fundamental condition for reducing occupational injuries and diseases, thereby ensuring safe working conditions.
Occupational safety, harmful factors, hazardous factors, noise, vibration, radiation, toxic substances, biological factors, psychophysiological factors, cumulation, monitoring, smart safety, industrial hygiene
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL LAWS OF THE PROCESS OF MASTERING EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS
This article extensively covers the psychological and pedagogical laws of the process of students' perception, understanding and assimilation of educational materials. The stages of the knowledge process, the role of will and attention in educational activities, and the deep cognitive mechanisms of the understanding process are analyzed. Also, the factors that ensure the intellectual development of students in the educational process are scientifically substantiated.
knowledge, understanding, assimilation, competence, educational process, attention, will, cognitive activity, psychology, pedagogy, methodology.
FUTURE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS’ CREATIVE ABILITIES DEVELOPMENT
This study analyzes the process of developing creative abilities in future primary school teachers from theoretical and practical perspectives. The research substantiates the significance of creative thinking, innovative pedagogical approaches, modern educational technologies, and their role in enhancing teachers’ professional competencies.
creativity, creative ability, creative thinking, innovative approach, pedagogical technology, creativity, reflection, competence, creative environment, methods, motivation, primary education, teacher training, modern education, integration.
METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING PRАGMАTIC COMPETENCE IN TEАCHING ENGLISH (IN THE PROCESS OF LETTER WRITING)
This аrticle explores the methodology for developing prаgmаtic competence in teаching English, with а pаrticulаr focus on the process of letter writing. Prаgmаtic competence is considered а key component of communicаtive competence, enаbling leаrners to use lаnguаge аppropriаtely in different sociаl аnd contextuаl situаtions. The study аnаlyzes theoreticаl foundаtions of prаgmаtics, principles of teаching writing skills, аnd effective clаssroom strаtegies thаt enhаnce leаrners’ аbility to produce contextuаlly аppropriаte written communicаtion. Speciаl аttention is given to formаl аnd informаl letter writing аs аn effective pedаgogicаl tool for developing leаrners’ аwаreness of politeness strаtegies, speech аcts, discourse orgаnizаtion, аnd socio-culturаl norms of communicаtion. The аrticle аlso discusses tаsk-bаsed leаrning, genre-bаsed instruction, аnd communicаtive аpproаches аs effective methodologies for fostering prаgmаtic аwаreness in English lаnguаge teаching.
Prаgmаtic competence, English lаnguаge teаching, letter writing, communicаtive competence, discourse аnаlysis, speech аcts, politeness strаtegies, genre-bаsed аpproаch, tаsk-bаsed leаrning, writing skills development
GRAMMATICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNCTION WORDS
In this article, the grammatical features of the auxiliary, conjunction, and predicate, their differences, similarities, origin, and usage will be discussed.
Auxiliary groups of words, connecting, auxiliary, load, pure, target.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FORMATIVE AND SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT IN EDUCATION
Assessment plays a crucial role in the educational process by providing information about students’ learning progress and academic achievement. Among various assessment methods, formative and summative assessments are the most widely used approaches in educational settings. While formative assessment focuses on monitoring learning during instruction and providing feedback for improvement, summative assessment evaluates students’ achievement at the end of a learning period. This article compares formative and summative assessment in terms of their objectives, characteristics, advantages, and influence on student learning. The study highlights the significance of balancing both assessment types to enhance educational effectiveness and promote student success.
Formative assessment, summative assessment, student learning, feedback, academic achievement, educational evaluation.
ARTISTIC DETAIL IN THE PROSE OF SERGEI DOVLATOV: FUNCTIONAL AND SEMANTIC ASPECTS
This article examines the functional and semantic role of artistic detail in the prose of Sergei Dovlatov, one of the most distinctive representatives of late Soviet and émigré literature. Dovlatov’s narrative style is characterized by brevity, irony, psychological precision, and a deliberate focus on seemingly insignificant details that acquire symbolic and semantic depth within the literary text. The study analyzes how artistic detail functions as a structural, psychological, and ideological element in Dovlatov’s prose. Using textual and contextual analysis, the article explores selected works including The Suitcase, Compromise, and The Zone. The findings demonstrate that artistic details in Dovlatov’s prose serve not merely descriptive purposes but become instruments of characterization, irony, emotional expression, and sociocultural commentary.
Sergei Dovlatov, artistic detail, prose analysis, semantic function, narrative style, Russian literature, irony, literary poetics.
CRITICAL REALISM AND SATIRICAL POETICS IN 20TH-CENTURY ENGLISH LITERATURE
This article explores the intricate relationship between critical realism and satirical poetics within 20th-century English literature. It argues that critical realism provides a robust epistemological foundation for understanding the underlying mechanisms of social reality, while satirical poetics offers a crucial aesthetic mode for critiquing and subverting these very structures. By examining key literary works, this study demonstrates how authors employed satire not merely for comedic effect but as a sophisticated tool to expose societal contradictions and ideological biases inherent in their contemporary world. Ultimately, the analysis reveals how this dual approach fostered a literature deeply engaged with both the diagnosis and the imaginative disruption of established norms.
Critical Realism, Satirical Poetics, 20th-Century Literature, English Literature, Social Critique, Literary Theory, Satire.
METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING ENGLISH TO STUDENTS OF THE “MECHATRONICS AND ROBOTICS” PROGRAM
This article examines the methodological features of teaching English to students enrolled in the “Mechatronics and Robotics” program within the context of modern technical education. The relevance of the study is determined by the increasing role of English as a tool for professional communication, access to international scientific resources, and enhancement of the competitiveness of future engineering specialists. The study aims to identify the most effective methodological approaches to teaching English to students of technical specialties while considering the specific characteristics of their professional training. The paper analyzes contemporary educational technologies focused on developing professional communicative competence, integrating subject content with language instruction, and increasing students’ motivation. The findings indicate that the implementation of the communicative approach, Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), project-based learning, professionally oriented tasks, and digital educational resources contributes to improving students’ language proficiency and developing professional communication skills.
Teaching methodology, English language, mechatronics, robotics, professionally oriented instruction, CLIL, communicative approach, technical education, language competence, engineering education
NATIONAL AND GENRE-SPECIFIC FEATURES OF ENGLISH AND UZBEK DRAMA: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE (BASED ON THE WORKS OF RICHARD BRINSLEY SHERIDAN AND ERKIN VOHIDOV)
This article explores the national and genre-specific features of English and Uzbek drama through a comparative analysis of the works of Richard Brinsley Sheridan and Erkin Vohidov. The study examines the distinctive characteristics of both dramatic traditions, focusing on genre structure, conflict, characterization, and artistic style. The analysis reveals both similarities and differences in the representation of social and moral issues, reflecting the cultural and literary traditions of England and Uzbekistan. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of national literary identities and the development of comparative literary studies.
Drama, comparative literature, English drama, Uzbek drama, national identity, genre characteristics, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Erkin Vohidov, dramatic discourse, literary analysis, artistic representation, conflict, character system, comedy of manners, literary traditions.
STRUCTURAL FORMATION OF LEXICAL UNITS RELATED TO CALLIGRAPHY
The article analyzes the morphological and semantic formation of lexical units related to the art of calligraphy, the transformation of terms borrowed from Arabic and Persian into the Uzbek language, and their role in the cultural context. The research is conducted in accordance with IMRAD requirements, and calligraphy terms are extensively studied based on historical sources, dictionaries, and modern linguistic theories.
Calligraphy, lexical unit, morphology, semantics, nastaʿlīq, suls, linguistics, terminology.
Kiyomov Shohabboskhon Sharofiddin o‘g‘li
INTERACTIVE METHODS OF FORMING THE DIGITAL COMMUNICATION CULTURE OF FUTURE TEACHERS
The article provides a comprehensive study of the theoretical and practical aspects of forming a digital communication culture among future teachers in the higher pedagogical education system under conditions of global digitalization. The relevance of the research is determined by the necessity for modern educators to adhere to professional ethical standards in virtual spaces, apply emotional intelligence in cyber-communication, and organize efficient information exchange with students.
A COMPARATIVE PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF SPEECH ACTS OF PERSUASION AND SUGGESTION IN RUSSIAN, CHINESE, AND UZBEK LINGUISTICS
This article examines theoretical and applied studies of speech acts of persuasion and suggestion in Russian, Chinese, and Uzbek linguistics. It analyzes major approaches to interpreting these communicative phenomena within pragmatics, cognitive linguistics, and linguocultural studies. Special attention is paid to cross-cultural differences in the realization of persuasion and suggestion strategies. The findings demonstrate that while these speech acts share universal features, their linguistic representation and pragmatic mechanisms vary significantly depending on the cultural context.
Speech act, persuasion, suggestion, pragmatics, linguoculture, discourse, communicative strategies.
LINGUISTIC CHARACTERISTICS, CLASSIFICATION, AND NOMINATIVE PECULIARITIES OF ENGLISH HYDRONYMS
Hydronyms constitute the most archaic and stable stratum of the English toponymic system. This paper investigates the linguistic characteristics, classification frameworks, and unique nominative behaviors of English water body names. Acting as “linguistic fossils” English hydronyms preserve ancient phonetic, morphological, and semantic structures despite centuries of language contact and replacement. Utilizing a diachronic and structural-semantic approach, the study classifies these hydronyms geographically, etymologically, and semantically.
Hydronymy, English onomastics, etymological stratification, retrograde derivation, toponymic tautology, semantic conservatism, linguistic fossils.
JUSTIFICATION OF FORMS AND METHODS FOR FORMING CONFLICT-FREE INTERACTION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
This article examines the substantiation and structure of forms and methods for forming non-conflict interaction among university students using university students as an example, and it is impossible to overestimate the role of education in today's conditions of "unstable development, diverse situations of uncertainty." One of the tasks of the Higher School is to teach students how to act in problematic, non-standard situations, which is carried out in the context of increasing societal demands for non-conflict interaction among university graduates.
Yu.K. Babansky's teaching method, I.P. Podlasiy's method, personality, personality, person, personification, curator, field theory.
PRAGMATIC EQUIVALENCE AND CULTURAL ADAPTATION IN LITERARY TRANSLATION: STRATEGIES FOR RENDERING REALIA
This article examines the challenges of achieving pragmatic equivalence in literary translation, focusing specifically on the translation of “realia” - words and expressions denoting culture-specific items, customs, and concepts. Since language is deeply intertwined with culture, transferring foreign cultural markers into a target text involves more than linguistic substitution; it requires cognitive and pragmatic adaptation. Through a systematic analysis of translation methodologies, this study evaluates the effectiveness of primary strategies such as foreignization and domestication. The findings indicate that while domestication enhances readability, foreignization preserves the cultural identity of the source text, suggesting that an integrated, context-dependent approach is essential for high-quality literary translation.
Literary translation, pragmatic equivalence, realia, cultural adaptation, domestication, foreignization
DEVELOPING SPEAKING SKILLS THROUGH COMMUNICATIVE ACTIVITIES IN THE ENGLISH CLASSROOM
This article examines how communicative activities in English language classes can foster speaking proficiency. It explores the impact of activities such as pair work, group discussions, role-playing, and open speaking exercises on enhancing students' oral abilities. Furthermore, the paper contrasts traditional teaching methods with communicative approaches, explaining the greater effectiveness of communicative techniques in boosting classroom engagement. The research indicates that communicative tasks contribute to learners developing increased self-assurance, participation, and autonomy when speaking English.
Speaking skills, communicative activities, English classroom, communicative competence, pair work, role play, group discussion
CULTURALLY RESPONSIVE PEDAGOGY AND STUDENTS ENGAGEMENT IN TEACHER TRAINING COLLENGES WITHIN THE BAMENDA MUNICIPALITY
Engagement in Teacher Training Colleges in Bamenda Municipality. Specifically, the study sought to investigate the extent to which culturally responsive pedagogical practices influence student engagement within teacher training institutions. To achieve this purpose, two specific research objectives were formulated and corresponding hypotheses were established to guide the investigation. The study adopted a concurrent nested mixed-method research design, integrating both quantitative and qualitative research paradigms to provide a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon under investigation. From the target population, a sample of 200 student teachers and teacher educators from teacher training colleges was selected through the simple random sampling technique, constituting the accessible population of the study. Data were collected using two principal research instruments: a structured four-point Likert-scale questionnaire for the collection of quantitative data and a semi-structured interview guide designed to elicit qualitative data from teacher educators. Data analysis was carried out using a methodological triangulation approach to enhance the validity and robustness of the findings. Quantitative data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, whereas qualitative data were subjected to thematic content analysis. Inferential analysis was performed using regression analysis to test the formulated hypotheses at a 0.05 level of significance. The reliability of the research instruments was established using the Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient, with values ranging from 0.70 to 0.844, demonstrating satisfactory levels of internal consistency and instrument reliability.
Culturally Responsive Pedagogy, Students Engagement, Teacher Training Colleges.
LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF ARTISTIC AND PSYCHOLOGICAL IMAGERY IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK NOVELS
This article provides a comparative analysis of the linguistic features of the artistic-psychological image in English and Uzbek novels. The study studies the use of language tools that express the inner experiences, mental state and psychological portrait of the characters, including metaphor, epithet, internal monologue, dialogue, figurative expression and stylistic units. The individual style of the authors in creating psychological images and national-cultural characteristics in samples of English and Uzbek literature are analyzed. The results of the study serve to deepen the understanding of the linguopoetic and psycholinguistic aspects of the literary text and are of significant scientific importance for the fields of comparative literary studies and linguistics.
Artistic -psychological image, linguistic analysis, novel, internal monologue, psychologism, stylistic means, comparative analysis, English literature, Uzbek literature, linguopoetics.
BIOECOLOGICAL FEATURES AND PROPAGATION METHODS OF SELECTED Lonicera L. SPECIES USING INNOVATIVE SUBSTRATES
This study examines the bioecological traits of several species within the genus Lonicera L., along with their propagation techniques in different substrate conditions and the effectiveness of root formation. The research focuses on small-leaved, Tatar, and glossy-leaved honeysuckle species, evaluating their morphophysiological responses across various growing environments. The findings indicate that substrates based on coconut peat, as well as peat mixtures, demonstrate superior performance in terms of rooting success and overall plant development.
Lonicera, honeysuckle, bioecology, propagation techniques, substrates, rooting efficiency, landscape design
SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF TEACHING PHYSICS IN THE PREPARATION OF FUTURE ENGINEERS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF TECHNICAL UNIVERSITIES)
This article presents a systematic analysis of current scientific and methodological problems in teaching physics to future engineers at technical universities. Traditional reproductive and problem-based teaching methods are comparatively studied, and their role in the formation of engineering competencies is substantiated. Key problems are identified, such as the outdated material and technical base of laboratory classes, insufficient level of interdisciplinary integration, and the lack of systematic use of digital technologies (PhET, MATLAB, LabVIEW, etc.). Within the framework of Resolution No. PQ-5032 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, practical recommendations have been developed for improving the methodology of teaching physics. The results of the article can serve as a methodological guide for the physics departments of technical universities.
Physics education, engineering education, scientific and methodological problems, interdisciplinary integration, digital technologies, competency-based approach.
INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES OF ENTERPRISES
This article provides a comprehensive study of issues related to developing innovative and sustainable development strategies for enterprises in a competitive environment. The study analyses the economic, social, and ecological components of sustainable development - namely Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) indicators - in their interrelation, and elucidates the mechanisms ensuring the long-term competitiveness of enterprises on the basis of modern management approaches. As a result, an integrated development model is proposed and its practical significance is substantiated.
ESG, environmental, social, innovation, sustainable development, strategic management, competitive environment, enterprise efficiency, digital economy, digital transformation.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE CLINICAL METHODOLOGY OF SELECTIVE OCCLUSAL ADJUSTMENT IN PATIENTS WITH GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS USING THE T-SCAN DIGITAL OCCLUSAL SYSTEM
This article presents the scientific and theoretical foundations for optimizing the selective occlusal adjustment protocol in patients with generalized periodontitis using the T-Scan digital occlusal analysis system. The mechanisms for detecting hidden super contacts, objectively assessing masticatory load distribution, and reducing occlusion time to physiological values through digital monitoring are examined. The role of traumatic occlusion in the development of destructive processes in periodontal tissues is scientifically substantiated, along with the advantages of digital occlusal analysis over traditional diagnostic methods. Contemporary occlusal correction protocols, the principles of functional stability of the dentofacial system, and the significance of a comprehensive approach in the treatment of generalized periodontitis are analysed.
Generalized periodontitis, selective occlusal adjustment, traumatic occlusion, digital occlusal analysis, T-Scan, occlusal contacts, occlusal balance, functional load, tooth mobility, prosthodontics.
METHODOLOGY FOR MODELING THE INTEGRATED CONTENT OF CONTINUOUS SPECIALIZED EDUCATION ON THE BASIS OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT
This article scientifically substantiates the methodology for modeling the integrated content of Continuous Specialized Vocational Education (CSVE) based on innovative development. The study defines the general concept of innovative processes, innovative competence, and innovative module, and classifies four categories of innovations: organizational, content-related, technological, and pedagogical. The goals and stages of operational design of integrative content, seven main functions of professional practice, and the mechanism for step-by-step formation of innovative competencies are described in detail. Scientific substantiation and consistent application of the methodology ensures the formation of all types of competencies - general cultural, general professional, and special professional competencies - thereby preparing well-rounded and adaptable graduates for the demands of the contemporary knowledge economy.
Innovative education, integrated content, innovative competence, modularization, professional practice, innovative processes, pedagogical innovations, continuous vocational education.
POSSIBILITIES OF USING MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN SOLVING PROBLEMS IN MECHANICS BASED ON MODELING
This article examines the role and importance of artificial intelligence technologies in solving mechanics problems using modeling methods. Modern approaches problems using machine learning, neural networks, and computer simulation are analyzed. The formation of practical skills among students the integration of artificial intelligence into the educational process, as well as the modeling of complex dynamic systems, are discussed. The research results demonstrate the positive impact of artificial intelligence on mechanics education.
Theoretical mechanics, artificial intelligence, modeling, machine learning, neural networks, computer simulation, engineering education.