THE SOCIO-POLITICAL SITUATION, THE DEVELOPMENT OF TERRORISM AND EXTREMISM IN ALGERIA: THE NORTH AFRICAN SECURITY EXPERIENCE

Abstract

This article analyzes the socio-political processes, public administration, security policy, historical formation, and contemporary transformation of terrorism and extremism in the Republic of Algeria within the framework of the IMRAD structure. Algeria is one of the most important geopolitical actors in North Africa, and its security experience is closely connected with the legacy of colonialism, the war of independence, the civil war of the 1990s, armed Islamist movements, the emergence of AQIM, instability in the Sahel region, and the Hirak movement of 2019. The study employs political analysis, a historical-institutional approach, comparative analysis, content analysis, and the case study method. The article argues that terrorism is not merely a product of religious radicalism, but a complex phenomenon related to political exclusion, institutional crisis, socio-economic discontent, historical memory, and transboundary security challenges. The findings indicate that although Algeria has significantly limited the large-scale operational capacity of terrorist groups within its territory, issues related to border areas, youth employment, political trust, economic diversification, and regional cooperation remain relevant risk factors. Algeria’s experience offers important scientific and practical lessons for Uzbekistan in preventing extremism, strengthening religious and educational immunity, harmonizing youth policy with the concept of security, and deepening regional security cooperation.